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1.
Rev Neurol ; 78(10): 277-283, 2024 May 16.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38743021

RESUMO

AIM: Patients whose epilepsy begins with seizures with unknown etiology in old age have been studied to a limited extent. The aim is to clinically characterise these patients, and predict their risk of developing epilepsy in the long term. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is a retrospective observational study of patients over 55 years old experiencing a first epileptic seizure with unknown etiology. The data were collected from their clinical history, including electroencephalogram (EEG) and brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results. RESULTS: Eighty-seven patients (58.6% male; 71.5 ± 8.1 years) were included. The mean follow-up was 7.3 ± 4.9 years. The most common vascular risk factor was arterial hypertension (77%; n = 67). Focal seizures with altered consciousness were the most frequent type of seizure (44.8%; n = 39), followed by focal seizures evolving to bilateral tonic-clonic seizures (39.1%; n = 34). Brain MRI showed cortical atrophy (50%; n = 42) and signs of small-vessel vascular disease (SVVD) (67.8%; n = 57). Interictal epileptiform EEG abnormalities were observed in 43.7% (n = 38) of the patients, mostly with temporal localisations (94.7%; n = 36). 44.8% (n = 39) had mild cognitive impairment at baseline. Recurrence of seizures, which was observed in 49 patients (56.1%), occurred after a median of 12 months (interquartile range: 4.4-25.9). Finally, 71 patients (81.6%) developed epilepsy. CONCLUSION: The risk of epilepsy in the long term following a single seizure of unknown etiology in elderly patients is greater than 80%. Arterial hypertension and mild cognitive impairment at baseline are the most common clinical features. Cortical atrophy and the presence of SVVD are frequent in MRI, and routine EEGs do not usually show epileptiform alterations.


TITLE: Riesgo de epilepsia tras una primera crisis epiléptica de etiología desconocida en pacientes de edad avanzada.Objetivo. Los pacientes que comienzan con crisis de origen desconocido en la edad avanzada no están bien estudiados. El objetivo es caracterizar clínicamente a estos pacientes y predecir el riesgo de desarrollar epilepsia a largo plazo. Materiales y métodos. Es un estudio observacional retrospectivo en pacientes mayores de 55 años con una primera crisis epiléptica de causa desconocida. Se recogieron los datos desde la historia clínica, incluyendo electroencefalograma (EEG) y resonancia magnética (RM) cerebral. Resultados. Se incluyó a 87 pacientes (58,6% varones; 71,5 ± 8,1 años). El seguimiento medio fue de 7,3 ± 4,9 años. El factor de riesgo vascular más frecuente fue la hipertensión arterial (77%; n = 67). Las crisis focales con alteración de la conciencia fueron el tipo de crisis más frecuente (44,8%; n = 39), seguidas de las crisis focales con evolución a bilaterales tonicoclónicas (39,1%; n = 34). La RM cerebral mostró atrofia cortical (50%; n = 42) y signos de enfermedad vascular de pequeño vaso (EVPV) (67,8%; n = 57). Se observaron anomalías epileptiformes intercríticas en el EEG en un 43,7% (n = 38) de los pacientes, mayoritariamente con localización temporal (94,7%; n = 36). Hasta un 44,8% (n = 39) presentaba deterioro cognitivo leve basalmente. La recurrencia de crisis, observada en 49 pacientes (56,1%), sucedió con una mediana de 12 meses (rango intercuartílico: 4,4-25,9). Finalmente, 71 pacientes (81,6%) desarrollaron epilepsia. Conclusión. El riesgo de epilepsia a largo plazo tras una crisis única de etiología desconocida en pacientes de edad avanzada es superior al 80%. La hipertensión arterial y el deterioro cognitivo leve en el inicio son las características clínicas más frecuentes. En la RM, la atrofia cortical y la presencia de EVPV son frecuentes, y los EEG de rutina no suelen mostrar alteraciones epileptiformes.


Assuntos
Eletroencefalografia , Epilepsia , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Idoso , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Epilepsia/etiologia , Epilepsia/complicações , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Fatores de Risco , Convulsões/etiologia , Convulsões/complicações , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Medição de Risco
2.
Eur J Paediatr Neurol ; 48: 121-128, 2024 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38241904

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the differences in clinical management during the epilepsy transition process from pediatric to adult care and to determine the quality of life and degree of satisfaction of patients and caregivers during the transition. METHODS: This is a longitudinal study including patients with epilepsy transferred from pediatric to adult epilepsy care between 2013 and 2017. Patients had a minimum follow-up of 3 years before the transition visit and at least 3 years consulting in the adults section. Clinical characteristics were retrieved from the medical chart. Quality of life and satisfaction questionnaires were administered by online access to patients and caregivers at the end of the adult follow-up period. RESULTS: 99 patients (50.5 % women, mean transition age 16.5 ± 1 years old) were included. Before the transition visit, 90 % of patients received a transition discussion and 88 % had a formal clinical report. In the pediatric period, patients were visited more frequently, had more EEGs and genetic studies, and were seen by the same neuropediatrician (P<0.05). In the adult period, patients underwent a larger number of prolonged video EEGs and were prescribed polytherapy more often (P<0.05). Quality of life remained steady during the entire transition, but satisfaction with the care received was significantly higher during the pediatric period. CONCLUSIONS: Significant differences were seen in epilepsy care during transition from pediatric to adult management, and this had an impact on the degree of satisfaction reported by patients and caregivers. Our results provide evidence of the potential value of development and early implementation of a protocolled transition program.


Assuntos
Epilepsia , Transição para Assistência do Adulto , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Adolescente , Masculino , Estudos Longitudinais , Qualidade de Vida , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Epilepsia/terapia , Inquéritos e Questionários
3.
Rev Neurol ; 77(9): 215-222, 2023 11 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37889129

RESUMO

AIMS: In patients with epilepsy health education has a positive influence on self-management of the disease, improves prognosis and enhances patient well-being. The aim of this study was to evaluate an educational intervention using instructional clips in patients with epilepsy in a video-electroencephalographic monitoring unit. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We conducted a randomised clinical trial with two groups (intervention and control). Adult patients with epilepsy admitted to the video-electroencephalographic monitoring unit were recruited. Nine videos about the diagnosis and treatment of epilepsy, together with recommendations on lifestyle, were produced and administered to the intervention group while admitted. Patients' knowledge of their disease was assessed by means of a questionnaire designed specifically for this study. A pre-assessment was conducted at the beginning of the study, at hospital discharge and at three months, and the knowledge of epilepsy in the two groups was compared at each time considered in the study. RESULTS: Sixty-six patients were included, with a mean age of 39 ± 14.7 years (range: 17-76) and a median of 8 years since disease onset (range: 1-60 years). Fifty-three per cent of the patients were women. Focal epilepsy was the most frequent type (95.5%). The mean score on the pre-intervention test was 57.2 ± 15.3. Patients who received the educational intervention showed better post-test scores at discharge from hospital (81.8 ± 11.2 versus 62.8 ± 13.7; p = 0.001) and at three months (76 ± 9.6 versus 63.2 ± 12.8; p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The EPICAP educational intervention using instructional clips significantly improves patients' knowledge of epilepsy-related diagnostic, therapeutic and lifestyle issues.


TITLE: EPICAP: intervención educativa mediante cápsulas audiovisuales en pacientes con epilepsia. Ensayo clínico aleatorizado.Objetivos. La educación sanitaria en pacientes con epilepsia influye positivamente en el autocontrol de la enfermedad, mejora su pronóstico y favorece el bienestar del paciente. El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar una intervención educativa mediante cápsulas audiovisuales en pacientes con epilepsia en una unidad de monitorización videoelectroencefalográfica. Sujetos y métodos. Es un ensayo clínico aleatorizado con dos grupos (intervención y control). Se reclutó a pacientes adultos con epilepsia que ingresaron en la unidad de monitorización videoelectroencefalográfica. Se crearon nueve vídeos sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la epilepsia, y recomendaciones de estilo de vida, que se administraron al grupo de intervención durante el ingreso. Se evaluó el conocimiento del paciente sobre su enfermedad con un cuestionario diseñado específicamente para este estudio. Se realizó una evaluación previa en el inicio del estudio, en el alta hospitalaria y a los tres meses, y se comparó el conocimiento sobre la epilepsia en ambos grupos en cada momento del estudio. Resultados. Se incluyó a 66 pacientes, con edad media de 39 ± 14,7 años (rango: 17-76) y una mediana de 8 años de evolución de la enfermedad (rango: 1-60 años). Un 53% eran mujeres. El tipo de epilepsia más frecuente fue el focal (95,5%). La puntuación media en el test preintervención fue de 57,2 ± 15,3. Los pacientes que recibieron la intervención educativa mostraron mejores puntuaciones en el postest en el alta hospitalaria (81,8 ± 11,2 frente a 62,8 ± 13,7; p = 0,001) y a los tres meses (76 ± 9,6 frente a 63,2 ± 12,8; p = 0,001). Conclusiones. La intervención educativa EPICAP mediante píldoras audiovisuales mejora de forma significativa el conocimiento de los pacientes sobre aspectos diagnósticos, terapéuticos y estilo de vida relacionados con la epilepsia.


Assuntos
Epilepsias Parciais , Epilepsia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto Jovem , Epilepsias Parciais/tratamento farmacológico , Epilepsia/terapia , Epilepsia/diagnóstico , Pacientes , Prognóstico , Inquéritos e Questionários , Adolescente , Idoso
4.
Rev Neurol ; 70(1): 19-22, 2020 Jan 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31845752

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus is a severe infectious disease with high mortality and morbidity. It is usually diagnosed at a late stage and requires a number of visits to the emergency department in most cases, and the prognosis is highly dependent on prompt treatment. Despite its severity, evidence regarding treatment with corticosteroids and anticoagulation therapy is scarce and controversial. One of its complications is arteritis, which can be mistaken for medium to large vessel vasculitis, as in this case. CASE REPORT: A 26-year-old female, who visited due to headache and left palpebral oedema. Imaging tests revealed thrombosis in the left cavernous sinus and significant narrowing of the internal carotid artery. The clinical picture was interpreted as secondary to an inflammatory vascular process and treatment with corticosteroids was initiated, with a good response. However, soon afterwards, fever and contralateral palpebral oedema developed. In the blood cultures a growth of Streptococcus intermedius was obtained and thrombophlebitis of the cavernous sinus was diagnosed. Despite initiating antibiotic and anticoagulation therapy, the patient suffered a right hemiplegia secondary to the formation of frontotemporal abscesses. Surgical drainage was performed and the patient progressed well. In the absence of other infectious foci, and due to the oral origin of the germ, a prophylactic multiple exodontia was performed. CONCLUSION: Thrombophlebitis should be considered as a diagnostic option both in headaches with ocular symptoms and in medium to large vessel arteritis so that they can be treated in a timely manner.


TITLE: Síndrome de seno cavernoso secundario a una tromboflebitis por Streptococcus intermedius complicada con vasculitis de la arteria carótida interna y abscesos cerebrales.Introducción. La tromboflebitis del seno cavernoso es una enfermedad infecciosa grave con alta mortalidad y morbilidad. Su diagnóstico suele ser tardío y requiere múltiples visitas a urgencias en la mayoría de casos, y el pronóstico es altamente dependiente de su rápido tratamiento. A pesar de su gravedad, la evidencia con respecto al tratamiento con corticoides y anticoagulación es escasa y controvertida. Entre sus complicaciones se encuentra la arteritis, la cual puede confundirse con una vasculitis de mediano-gran vaso, como en este caso. Caso clínico. Mujer de 26 años, que acude por una cefalea y un edema palpebral izquierdo. En las pruebas de imagen se evidencia trombosis del seno cavernoso izquierdo y una estrechez importante de la arteria carótida interna. Se interpreta el cuadro como secundario a un proceso vascular inflamatorio y se inician corticoides, con buena respuesta. Sin embargo, al poco tiempo se presenta fiebre y edema palpebral contralateral. En los hemocultivos se obtiene un crecimiento de Streptococcus intermedius y se diagnostica una tromboflebitis del seno cavernoso. A pesar del inicio de antibióticos y anticoagulación, sufre una hemiplejía derecha secundaria a la formación de abscesos frontotemporales. Se procede al drenaje quirúrgico y la paciente cursa con buena evolución. Ante la ausencia de otros focos infecciosos, y debido a la procedencia oral del germen, se realiza una exodoncia múltiple profiláctica. Conclusión. Se recomienda considerar la tromboflebitis como una opción diagnóstica tanto en las cefaleas con síntomas oculares como en la arteritis de mediano-gran vaso para su tratamiento oportuno.


Assuntos
Abscesso Encefálico/microbiologia , Artéria Carótida Interna , Trombose do Corpo Cavernoso/etiologia , Infecções Estreptocócicas , Streptococcus intermedius , Tromboflebite/microbiologia , Vasculite/microbiologia , Adulto , Abscesso Encefálico/complicações , Feminino , Humanos , Infecções Estreptocócicas/complicações , Tromboflebite/complicações , Vasculite/complicações
5.
Rev Neurol ; 68(3): 132-133, 2019 Feb 01.
Artigo em Espanhol | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30687923
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